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Purandar Killa

Introduction

Perched in the rugged terrain of the Sahyadri ranges, Purandar Killa stands as a symbol of strength, valor, and historical significance. Located approximately 50 km from Pune, this ancient fort has played a crucial role in the Maratha Empire, witnessing several battles, treaties, and acts of heroism.

Apart from its strategic military importance, the fort is a popular trekking and historical destination, offering a blend of history, nature, and adventure. Its towering bastions, intricate architecture, and panoramic views attract history buffs, trekkers, and nature lovers alike.

Let’s embark on a journey to explore the rich history, magnificent architecture, trekking experience, and nearby attractions of Purandar Fort.

Historical Significance of Purandar Killa

Early History and Founding

Purandar Fort is believed to have existed since the Yadava Dynasty in the 11th century. The fort’s strategic location made it a crucial stronghold in various battles. The Bahmani Sultanate controlled the fort during the 14th century, and later, it fell into the hands of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur.

Shivaji Maharaj and Purandar Fort

The fort gained prominence in the 17th century when it was captured by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1646 at the young age of 16. Under his leadership, the fort was fortified and strengthened as a key defense post against the Mughal forces.

However, in 1665, after a fierce battle, Shivaji Maharaj was forced to surrender Purandar Fort to the Mughals under the Treaty of Purandar, signed with Mirza Raja Jai Singh of Amber.

Peshwa Era and British Rule

Later, the fort was recaptured by the Marathas in 1670 and remained under their control during the Peshwa rule. It continued to serve as a military stronghold until it was taken over by the British in 1818, marking the end of its role as a Maratha bastion.

Purandar Fort Under the Peshwas (1713–1818)

After the decline of direct Maratha rule, the Peshwas—who served as the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire—took control of Purandar Fort. Given its strategic location near Pune, it became an important center for military planning, governance, and refuge during times of crisis.

The Fort as a Peshwa Military Base

• The Peshwas extensively used Purandar to station their troops and train soldiers.
• It was heavily fortified to ensure it remained impenetrable to enemy attacks.
• The fort’s height and 360-degree vantage points made it an ideal defensive bastion against the Mughals, Nizams, and later, the British.

Bajirao I and His Connection to Purandar

• Peshwa Bajirao I (1720–1740), one of the greatest military strategists of the Maratha Empire, often planned his campaigns from Purandar.
• His legendary expeditions to North India, including battles against the Mughals, had strategic discussions within this fort.
• It served as a temporary military headquarters for Maratha operations in the Deccan.

A Refuge During Political Turmoil

• The fort was used as a secure location for the royal family during conflicts.
• Narayanrao Peshwa, the youngest Peshwa, was once kept at Purandar before his assassination in Pune.
• Women and children of the Peshwa family would often take shelter here in times of war.

The Importance of Purandar in the Maratha-Nizam Conflicts

• The Nizam of Hyderabad, a major adversary of the Marathas, frequently attempted to capture Purandar.
• The Marathas successfully defended the fort multiple times, ensuring it remained a part of their empire.
• The fort’s garrisons played a role in preventing invasions into Pune, which was the administrative capital of the Peshwas.

The Fall of Purandar to the British (1818)

By the early 19th century, the once-mighty Maratha Empire was weakened due to internal conflicts and British expansion. The British targeted the strongholds of the Marathas to dismantle their power, and Purandar Fort became one of their prime targets.

The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818)

• The British, under General Pritzler, launched an offensive against the Marathas.
• As part of their strategy, they aimed to capture Pune and the neighboring forts, including Purandar.
• The Marathas, led by Bajirao II, resisted but were severely outnumbered.

The Siege of Purandar Fort

• The British forces besieged the fort with heavy artillery bombardment, weakening its defenses.
• The Maratha garrison at the fort fought valiantly but lacked adequate reinforcements.
• After intense fighting, Purandar Fort fell to the British in 1818, marking the end of Maratha rule over this stronghold.

Purandar Fort Under British Rule (1818–1947)

Unlike the Marathas, who used Purandar as a military hub, the British had different plans for the fort.

A Military Outpost and Sanatorium

• The British converted the fort into a military base, but it was no longer as actively used as in the Maratha period.
• Due to the high-altitude location, the British used it as a sanatorium for sick and injured soldiers.

Gradual Decline and Neglect

• Over time, the fort lost its military significance, with Pune becoming the main British stronghold in the region.
• Several structures within the fort began to decay due to lack of maintenance.
• The fort was largely abandoned, except for occasional British military drills.

Architectural Marvels of Purandar Fort

1. Strong Bastions and Walls

Purandar Fort is divided into two sections:

• Lower Fort (Machi Purandar): This part of the fort contains military barracks, water reservoirs, and temples.
• Upper Fort (Balekilla): This section has defensive structures, a palace area, and fortifications.

The bastions and watchtowers provide panoramic views of the surrounding landscape, making it a strategic military stronghold in its time.

2. Kedareshwar Temple

Dedicated to Lord Shiva, the Kedareshwar Temple inside the fort is an ancient place of worship, attracting devotees and trekkers alike.

3. Statue of Murarbaji Deshpande

One of the key attractions inside the fort is the statue of Murarbaji Deshpande, the valiant Maratha warrior who defended the fort against the Mughal army.

4. Ruins of Old Structures

The fort houses the remnants of barracks, storage rooms, and administrative offices, which once served as vital components of the Maratha Empire’s defense system.

Trekking to Purandar Fort

Purandar Fort is a popular trekking destination, offering an exhilarating journey through lush green trails, rocky paths, and breathtaking landscapes.

Trek Difficulty and Route

• Difficulty Level: Easy to Moderate
• Trek Duration: 1.5 to 2 hours (one way)
• Starting Point: Narayanpur village
• Best Time to Visit: October to March (pleasant weather)

The trek begins from Narayanpur village, leading through stone-paved steps, forested paths, and scenic ridges. The last stretch of the trek involves steep climbs, making it moderately challenging.

Tips for Trekkers

• Wear comfortable trekking shoes for better grip.
• Carry sufficient water and snacks, as there are no eateries at the top.
• Visit early in the morning for a peaceful experience and stunning sunrise views.
• Check the weather forecast, as monsoons can make the trails slippery.
• Respect the fort’s heritage by not littering or damaging historical structures.

Nearby Attractions Around Purandar Fort

1. Narayaneshwar Temple

Location: Near the base of Purandar Fort
Significance: Dedicated to Lord Shiva

The Narayaneshwar Temple is an ancient temple near Purandar Fort, believed to be centuries old. Built in traditional Hemadpanti architectural style, the temple features intricate stone carvings and a peaceful ambiance. Devotees and history enthusiasts admire its serene surroundings and spiritual energy.

• The temple is especially popular during Maha Shivaratri when devotees gather for prayers.
• It serves as a great resting point before or after your trek to Purandar Fort.

2. Saswad – The Historical Town

Distance from Purandar Fort: 15 km
Significance: A town rich in history, temples, and heritage sites

Saswad is a town with deep historical roots and is often considered the gateway to Purandar Fort. It was once a significant administrative and trade center during the Maratha era.

Must-Visit Places in Saswad:

• Sangameshwar Temple: A centuries-old Shiva temple built at the confluence of two rivers.
• Baneshwar Temple: A scenic pilgrimage spot surrounded by lush greenery.
• Peshwa Memorials: Saswad houses historical samadhis (memorials) of Maratha warriors, including Balaji Vishwanath, the first Peshwa of the Maratha Empire.

Saswad is an ideal stop for history lovers, offering a glimpse into the rich Maratha and Peshwa heritage.

3. Balaji Temple (Ketkawle)

Location: Near Narayanpur village
Significance: A replica of Tirupati Balaji Temple

The Ketkawle Balaji Temple is a stunning replica of the famous Tirupati Balaji Temple in Andhra Pradesh. Surrounded by lush green landscapes, this temple is an ideal spiritual retreat for those visiting Purandar Fort.

• The temple is meticulously maintained and offers a peaceful atmosphere for meditation and prayer.
• It is a popular stop for devotees en route to other spiritual destinations in the region.

If you want to experience the spiritual energy of Tirupati Balaji but cannot travel far, this temple provides a divine alternative.

4. Jejuri – The Land of Khandoba

Distance from Purandar Fort: 30 km
Significance: Home to the Khandoba Temple, a major pilgrimage site

Jejuri is a sacred town famous for the Khandoba Temple, dedicated to Lord Khandoba, a revered warrior deity. It is a place of immense spiritual and cultural significance, drawing thousands of devotees every year.

What Makes Jejuri Special?

• Turmeric Rituals: Jejuri is known as the ‘Golden City’ because of the turmeric (Bhandara) offerings. Devotees throw turmeric powder in the air as a symbol of prosperity and blessings.
• Historical Significance: The fort and temple in Jejuri played an important role during the Maratha rule, and many warriors prayed here before battles.
• Festivals: The temple hosts grand processions and celebrations, especially during Champashashti, a festival dedicated to Lord Khandoba.

For those interested in Maharashtra’s folk traditions, history, and spirituality, Jejuri is a must-visit destination.

5. Bhatgar Dam

Distance from Purandar Fort: 20 km
Significance: One of the oldest dams in Maharashtra

The Bhatgar Dam, constructed over the Velvandi River, is a picturesque location offering breathtaking views of calm waters surrounded by lush hills.

• Ideal for picnics, photography, and relaxation.
• A great stopover for nature lovers before heading back from Purandar Fort.
• Offers boating opportunities during certain seasons.

The cool breeze, scenic landscapes, and peaceful surroundings make it a perfect escape for those seeking a tranquil break from trekking and sightseeing.

6. Neelkantheshwar Temple

Distance from Purandar Fort: 40 km
Significance: A hidden Shiva temple with breathtaking hilltop views

The Neelkantheshwar Temple is a lesser-known spiritual and trekking spot near Purandar Fort. Perched atop a hill near Panshet Dam, this temple offers 360-degree panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and water bodies.

• Features life-sized sculptures depicting mythological tales from Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
• Requires a short uphill trek, making it ideal for those who enjoy adventure combined with spirituality.

The Neelkantheshwar Temple is perfect for those looking for a unique and offbeat experience near Purandar Fort.

Why Visit These Attractions?

Whether you are a history buff, spiritual seeker, or nature lover, the areas around Purandar Fort offer a diverse range of attractions. From sacred temples and historical towns to scenic lakes and dams, these locations provide an enriching experience beyond just trekking the fort.

By planning a well-rounded trip, you can explore the best of history, culture, spirituality, and adventure in this region of Maharashtra!

Essential Travel Tips

1. Entry Restrictions & Permissions

• As Purandar Fort is under the control of the Indian Army, entry may be restricted at times. Always check for permissions or restrictions before visiting.
• You may need to provide valid ID proof at the check post.

2. Best Time to Visit

• The ideal time to visit is from October to March, when the weather is pleasant.
• Avoid visiting during peak summer, as the heat can make the trek exhausting.
• Monsoons make the fort lush and scenic, but trails can become slippery.

3. Trekking Essentials

• Wear sturdy trekking shoes for a safe climb, as some trails are steep and uneven.
• Carry a light backpack with essentials like water, snacks, and a first-aid kit.
• Start the trek early in the morning to avoid heat and crowds.

4. Guided Tours & Local Assistance

• Hiring a local guide is highly recommended to understand the fort’s history, secret pathways, and key landmarks.
• Guides can also share fascinating folklore and stories related to Purandar.

5. Safety Precautions

• Avoid visiting alone, especially if you plan on trekking.
• Travel with a group or experienced trekkers for safety, as the fort area is vast and some parts are isolated.
• Keep emergency contacts handy and inform someone about your travel plans.

6. Respect the Heritage & Environment

• Do not litter, damage walls, or deface the fort. Preserve its historical significance.
• Avoid loud music and maintain the serenity of the place.
• If you’re carrying food, dispose of waste responsibly or take it back with you.

7. Accommodation & Food Options

• There are no food stalls or accommodation inside the fort, so carry enough water and snacks.
• Nearby towns like Narayanpur and Saswad have hotels and homestays for an overnight stay.

8. Nearby Attractions

• If you have extra time, visit Narayanpur Datta Temple, Balaji Temple, and Saswad’s historical sites for a complete cultural experience.

Conclusion

Purandar Killa is not just a fort; it is a living testament to the bravery, resilience, and military genius of the Marathas. Its historical significance, stunning landscapes, and thrilling trekking experience make it a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, adventure lovers, and spiritual seekers.

Beyond its majestic walls and strategic battlements, Purandar Fort holds within it the echoes of legendary battles, courageous warriors, and the undying spirit of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. Walking through its ancient pathways, one can almost hear the war cries of Maratha soldiers and feel the pulse of an era that shaped India’s history.

Whether you’re looking to relive the Maratha era, explore architectural wonders, or enjoy a scenic trek, Purandar Fort offers an unforgettable experience. It is a place where history, nature, and adventure blend seamlessly, leaving visitors with awe, inspiration, and a deep sense of pride in Maharashtra’s glorious past.

 

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